In computing, the kernel is the central part of an operating system that manages the system's resources and provides services to the other software running on the system. It is a program that acts as a mediator between the hardware of a computer and the applications running on it.
The kernel provides low-level services, such as,
1. Memory Management
2. Running processes
3. Controlling hardware devices
4. Managing input/output operations
5. Providing security and protection to the system.
It is responsible for managing the system's resources and allocating them to different processes or applications as needed.
The kernel is loaded into memory when the system starts up and remains resident in memory while the system is running. It is designed to be secure and stable, and it is typically not visible to users except in certain cases, such as when it generates error messages or when a user wants to configure certain system settings.
Different operating systems use different kernel designs, such as the monolithic kernel, micro kernel, hybrid kernel, and exo kernel. Each kernel design has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specific requirements of the operating system.
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