Smart IoT based water level sensing for overhead tanks - Part 5 (Block diagram Summary in a table)

 

Note that Analog input cannot be connected to the ESP-01 module directly. We will talk about how to achieve this in another post.

Block Name	Key Components	Input	Output	Function / Description
Power Supply Section	- DC Jack for Adaptor- 2-Pin Connector for Li-ion Battery- DC Adaptor (5V / 1A)- Buck-Boost Converter- 10 Capacitors (for filtering and regulation)- 10 Resistors (for biasing and sensing)	DC power from 5V adaptor or Li-ion battery	Regulated 3.3V DC	Provides stable 3.3V power for the ESP-01, control circuit, and water level sensor. The buck-boost converter ensures correct voltage whether the input is above or below 3.3V. Capacitors and resistors maintain smooth operation by filtering noise and stabilizing signals.
Control & Power Switching Circuit	- MOSFET Switch IC- Supporting resistors/capacitors	3.3V regulated supply; control signals from ESP-01	Switched 3.3V power to sensor and ESP-01	Controls power delivery to the ESP-01 and sensor, improving power efficiency and enabling sleep modes. MOSFET acts as an electronic switch controlled by the ESP-01 or logic circuit.
Sensor Section	- Water Level Depth Detection Sensor	3.3V power from control circuit	Analog voltage signal proportional to water level	Senses the water depth in the tank and generates an analog voltage corresponding to the detected level. Output is sent to the control circuit for processing.
Microcontroller & IoT Section	- ESP-01 (ESP8266) Module- Base Connector for ESP-01	3.3V regulated power; analog signal from sensor	Wi-Fi data transmission; control signals	The core IoT controller of the system. It reads the analog signal from the water level sensor, processes it, and transmits data via Wi-Fi to an IoT platform or cloud dashboard. Can also control external devices (like a motor or buzzer) based on threshold conditions.
Communication / Output Section (IoT Interface)	- ESP-01 Wi-Fi interface	Processed sensor data	Cloud data or mobile app display	Provides remote monitoring of water level data. Users can view readings or receive alerts on a smartphone or web dashboard.