Smart IoT based water level sensing for overhead tanks - Part 4 (Block diagram)

     

The above block diagram shows the individual blocks of the circuit.

🟦 Water Depth Level Detection Sensor

• Function: This sensor measures the depth or level of water in a tank or reservoir.
• Output: It provides an analog output (voltage) proportional to the water level.
• Purpose: Converts the physical water level into an electrical signal that can be read by the ESP-01 Module Analog

🟪 Control Circuit

• Function: The purpose of this circuit is to control the power to the sensor. This helps to save the battery.

🟨 ESP-01 (ESP8266 Module)

Function: This is the IoT controller responsible for data processing and wireless communication.

Key Roles:

• Reads the processed water level data from the control circuit.
• Connects to Wi-Fi and sends data to a cloud platform or mobile app for remote monitoring.
• Can trigger alerts or control a pump automatically based on predefined thresholds.
• Requires a stable 3.3V power supply.
• Built-in antenna
• Low cost module, 100 INR
• Small form factor
• Ready made solution without any effort required around the ESP8266 chip RF and I/O circuit

🟥 Buck-Boost Converter

• Function: Converts variable input voltage (from Li-ion battery or DC source) into a regulated 3.3V output.
• Purpose: Ensures the ESP-01 and sensor receive consistent voltage regardless of input variation.
• Input: Can take power from a Li-ion battery or external DC input (e.g., 5V or 12V)
• Output: Supplies 3.3V DC to the entire circuit.

🧠 System Operation Summary

• Power from the Li-ion battery/DC input is regulated by the buck-boost converter.
• The water level sensor measures water depth and sends an analog voltage signal.
• The control circuit processes this signal and sends it to the ESP-01.
• The ESP-01 transmits data over Wi-Fi to an IoT platform for monitoring and control.