What is the difference between 3D and 4D NAND?

3D NAND and 4D NAND are advanced types of NAND flash memory technologies used in modern data storage devices. Here’s an overview of both:

3D NAND:

3D NAND is a type of flash memory where memory cells are stacked vertically in multiple layers, rather than being arranged only horizontally (as in 2D NAND).

Vertical stacking: Enables higher storage density compared to 2D NAND.

Improved endurance: Better ability to handle repeated read/write cycles due to advancements in design.

Lower cost per GB: Higher density reduces production costs.

Higher performance: Allows faster read/write speeds compared to 2D NAND.

Structure: Uses floating-gate or charge-trap technology to store data in cells.

Applications: Found in SSDs, USB drives, and other storage devices.

4D NAND:

4D NAND builds upon 3D NAND by relocating peripheral circuits under the memory cell stack. This design enables even higher density and efficiency.

Peripheral under Cell (PuC): By moving the control circuits beneath the memory cells, the horizontal footprint of each layer is reduced.

Increased density: More cells can be placed in the same area.

Improved performance and power efficiency: Optimized design reduces energy consumption while improving speed.

Cost-effectiveness: Further lowers cost per GB compared to 3D NAND.

Structure: Still uses the same vertical stacking principle as 3D NAND but achieves greater optimization through innovative cell arrangement.

Applications: To be used in high-capacity SSDs for consumer and enterprise applications.