Design engineers work regularly on the reliability calculations. Reliability calculations help us to predict the life of the electronics. All the reliability analysis comes under a single umbrella which we call MTBF short form of Mean time between failures.One of the important functions part of MTBF is the Bath tub curve which describes the different phases of a product in terms of failures.
The bath tub curve describes the following scenarios:
1. Initially, the chances of product failing is high and as the life time of the product increases, the failure rate reduces - Infant failure rate or early failures.
This happens because the problematic areas of the product are identified during the initial stages and rectified as and when. This helps the product to function without failures for a period of time which justifies the failure rate reducing from initial stages. This stage is more related to the product stage where it has not gone out of the hands of the manufacturer and he is trying to fix the initial issues. So, when we say failures are more at the initial stage, this meant it could be design issues, improper manufacturing and assembly techniques and other issues.
2. As the product life further increases, the failure rate becomes constant and chances of failures are less - Random failures. This happens as the product is delivered flawless to the customer and he uses it in his application for a period of time.The failures may happen at this stage only because of the user stressing the product beyond it's capability. Like for example, if the system is intended to be used only below 60deg and user exposes it beyond, that temperature, there could be chance of failure. This errors occur as the user looses focus on the technical specifications of the product.
3. Towards the end of the product of the life or when the product exceeds it's life time, as the components wear out, the failure rate increases - Wear out failures. This is more related to the ageing of the components within a product.
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